Mukhtabar : Journal of Medical Laboratory Technology

Formulation and Evaluation of Clove Flower Extract (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Toothpaste Aidie With Variations of NA CMC Concentration as a Binder

Sinta Herawayanti — 2025-04-21

Background & Objective: Toothpaste is a semi-solid preparation that contains abrasives, cleansers, and additives to clean teeth without damaging oral tissues. Clove flower (Syzygium aromaticum L.) is known to contain eugenol, saponins, and flavonoids, which are analgesic. The purpose of this study was to make and evaluate toothpaste preparations from clove flower extract.

Method: The research was conducted experimentally with toothpaste formulation using variations in Na CMC concentration as a binder: 2%, 1%, and 0.5%. Evaluation included organoleptic test, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, foam formation, and physical stability. Data were analyzed using SPSS.

Result: All formulas met the evaluation standards. Formula I was closest to the positive control in organoleptic, having an average viscosity of 9600 mPa.s and spreadability of 5.2 cm. Formula II showed the best pH with an average of 8.74. All three formulas produced foam well. Physical stability for 4 weeks showed that the texture and pH remained stable.

Conclusion: Na CMC affects the viscosity and spreadability of toothpaste preparations. Formulas with the right concentration of Na CMC can produce herbal toothpaste that is stable and meets quality requirements.

Identification of Soil Egg Transmitted Helminth on The Nails of Cleaning Workers At TPS Wonocolo District Surabaya City

Chiara Shabrina Damayanti — 2025-04-21

Background & Objective: In Indonesia, worm infections are still a big problem in public health because the prevalence is still high, namely 45-65%. even in certain areas that have poor environmental sanitation, high heat, and humidity, the prevalence of worm infections can reach 80%. Worm infections can cause a decline in the health condition, nutrition, and productivity of sufferers, resulting in economic losses, due to a decrease in carbohydrates, protein, and blood, which has an impact on reducing the quality of human resources, one of which is transmission through the nails. This study aims to determine whether or not there are Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) worm eggs in the nails of cleaning workers in Wonocolo District, Surabaya City.

Method: The research method used was deposition (sedimentation) centrifugation using 0.25% NaOH solution, which was analyzed descriptively. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling by taking nail samples from 30 waste cleaning officer respondents.

Result: The results of the research showed that 17% of the fingernails of waste cleaners were contaminated with Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) worm eggs, while 83% of nail samples that were not contaminated with Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) worm eggs were contaminated.

Conclusion: Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there are still cleaning workers in Wonocolo District, Surabaya City, who are contaminated with Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) worm eggs. This happens because their awareness about personal hygiene, sanitation, Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (CHLS), and the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) while working is still lacking.

Assessment of Analytical Specificity in qPCR: SYBR Green and TaqMan Probe Methods for Isonazid-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Fusvita Merdekawati — 2025-04-21

Background & Objective: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, often referred to as M. tuberculosis, is an infectious pathogen that is responsible for causing tuberculosis (TB), a prevalent condition that is a leading cause of death globally. The spread of tuberculosis bacteria that are resistant to certain medicines, such as isoniazid, is currently on the rise. Therefore, molecular testing, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), is needed to rapidly and reliably identify isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis germs.

Method: The purpose of this study was to assess the analytical specificity of TaqMan Probe and SYBR Green qPCR techniques for the detection of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis. This study was descriptive and quantitative. Analytical specificity was ascertained using MTB DNA with the S315G mutation spiked with E. coli DNA. A paired t-test was used to assess the primary data.

Result: The results show that the analytical specificity values based on the significance of the paired t-test for the SYBR Green and TaqMan Probe methods were 0.398 and 0.790, respectively.

Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that the analytical specificity of the TaqMan Probe qPCR method was 1.99 times greater than that of the SYBR Green method.

Evaluation of Quality Indicators with Lean Six Sigma In Pre and Post Analytical Laboratories

Muhammad Ihsan Nurhadi — 2025-04-21

Background & Objective: Medical laboratories have an important role of 60-70% in diagnosis, patient monitoring, and prevention and treatment of diseases. Therefore, the laboratory must maintain and ensure the quality of service process. This study aims to determine the sigma value and identify waste in pre and post analytical in the laboratory, as well as determine Improvement proposals in order to reduce errors pre and post analytical laboratory.

Method: This research design is descriptive study that Analyzes the process and quality indicators at pre and post analytical with the Lean Six Sigma approach, which is a combination of Lean methods that focus on eliminating waste and Six Sigma that focuses on eliminating defects. This research was conducted as a process Improvement effort with five Six Sigma work steps (DMAIC) and identified eight types of waste (DOWNTIME).

Result: The results showed that the sigma value at pre and post analytical was 4.6 and 3.5 Sigma, and total sigma value for pre-post analytical was 4.3 Sigma so that both had not met the minimum target achievement of 5 Sigma (Excellent). There are two quality indicators that require improvement and enhancement including suitability of sample and TAT. The results also show that there are 4 wastes, consisting of 1 Defects, 1 Waiting, and 2 Not Utilizing Employees Knowledge.

Conclusion: Proposed Improvements are then given so that all waste identified in this study can be minimized so that the achievement of sigma quality indicators can increase.

Description of Hemoglobin Levels in Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis in The Intensive Treatment Stage at RSUD Ciamis

Endang Octaviana Wilujeng — 2025-04-21

Background & Objectives: Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Pulmonary tuberculosis is a chronic disease that infects the lungs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and can affect hemoglobin levels to become anemic. Anemia occurs due to insufficient iron intake and the use of anti-tuberculosis drugs (OAT). Anemia is defined as reduced hemoglobin levels in the blood. Hemoglobin is a protein that contains iron in red blood cells. This study aims to determine the description of hemoglobin levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the intensive treatment stage at Ciamis Regional Hospital.
Methods: This research method is descriptive. Data collection techniques were obtained from secondary data. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique which recruited 31 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis to be used as respondents.
Results: From this study, 19 (61%) samples with normal hemoglobin levels and 12 (39%) samples with low hemoglobin levels were obtained.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the examination of hemoglobin levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the intensive treatment stage at Ciamis Hospital, most of them have normal hemoglobin levels.

Overview of Lymphocyte Count Examination in Patients with Advanced Phase Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Ciamis Regional General Hospital

Euis Tia Istianah — 2025-04-21

Background & Objectives: Pulmonary tuberculosis is a contagious infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This infection can be cured through two phases of treatment, namely the intensive phase and the continuation phase. The intensive phase is carried out for two months while the continuation phase is carried out for four months. Tuberculosis treatment is carried out by administering Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs (OAT) consisting of Rifampicin, Ethambutol, Isoniazid, and Pyrazinamide. To monitor the success of treatment and the healing process of tuberculosis, a hematology examination can be done, namely a lymphocyte cell count. In a body infected with bacteria, lymphocyte cells will decrease, after treatment is given, lymphocyte cells will increase or return to normal. The purpose of this study was to see the picture of the results of the lymphocyte count examination in patients with advanced phase pulmonary tuberculosis.
Method: This research method is descriptive which was conducted on patients with advanced phase pulmonary tuberculosis at the Ciamis Regional General Hospital in May 2024 with a sample size of 30 respondents. The study used secondary data and primary data which were processed into tables and then explained in narrative. The research was conducted using a hematology analyzer. The research was conducted in May 2024 at the hematology laboratory of the Ciamis Regional General Hospital.
Results: From this study obtained the results of 2 (7%) samples with lymphopenia results, as many as 25 (83%) samples with normal lymphocyte results and 3 (10%) samples with lymphocytosis results.
Conclusion: The results of the lymphocyte count examination in patients with advanced phase pulmonary tuberculosis found an average normal lymphocyte count.