Comparison Of Ethanol, N-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extract in Andaliman Leaves (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium DC) Anti-Bacterial Test for Staphylococcus Aureus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52221/jurkes.v13i1.1003Keywords:
Comparsion, Ethanol Extract, N-Hexane, Ethyl, Andaliman Leaves, Staphylococcus AureusAbstract
Skin infections caused by this bacterium remain common, and antibiotic resistance continues to increase, creating a need for natural antibacterial sources. Andaliman leaves are one plant that can be used as a natural antibacterial active ingredient due to their content of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and essential oils. This study aimed to determine whether n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts of andaliman leaves exhibit antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The study was conducted experimentally, beginning with successive extraction of andaliman leaves using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol, followed by antibacterial activity testing using the disc diffusion method at concentrations of 20%, 30%, and 40%. The results showed that the n-hexane extract produced inhibition zones of 8.3±0.12 mm at 20%, 8.8±0.16 mm at 30%, and 9.3±0.04 mm at 40%. The ethyl acetate extract showed increased inhibitory activity with inhibition zones of 9.4 ± 0.28 mm at 20%, 12.7 ± 1.52 mm at 30%, and 16.0 ± 1.31 mm at 40%. The ethanol extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 13.0±1.66 mm at 20%, 15.0±1.81 mm at 30%, and 19.4±1.12mmat40%.
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Wei, M., Yu, H., Guo, Y., Cheng, Y., Xie, Y., & Yao, W. (2021). Antibacterial activity of Sapindus saponins against microorganisms related to food hygiene and the synergistic action mode of Sapindoside A and B against Micrococcus luteus in vitro. Food Control, 130, 108337.
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Yan, Y., Xia, X., Fatima, A., Zhang, L., Yuan, G., Lian, F., & Wang, Y. (2024). Antibacterial activity and mechanisms of plant flavonoids against gram-negative bacteria based on the antibacterial statistical model. Pharmaceuticals, 17(3), 292.
Yohana Yohana, I., Gaol, L., Bangar, R. I., Kaban, V. E., & Sembiring, N. B. (2025). Efficacy Test of Tetanus Leaf ( Leea aequata L .) Ethanol Extract against Bacteria ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ). 03(01), 1–7.
Afriani, I. I. (2022). Uji aktivitas antibakteri dan identifikasi senyawa aktif ekstrak etanol 70%, fraksi etil asetat, serta isolat hasil kolom rimpang Jeringau (Acorus calamus L.). Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim.
Butar-Butar, R. G. S., Neswita, E., Sembiring, N. B., Novriani, E., Simanjuntak, N. J. P., & Pakpahan, E. H. (2023). Uji skrining fitokimia dan pengukuran kadar total flavonoid pada ekstrak paku (Nephrolepis biserrata) dengan fraksi n-heksana, etil asetat, dan air. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, 1142–1160.
Gaol, I. Y. L., Bangar, R. I., Kaban, V. E., Sembiring, N. B., & Harahap, D. W. S. (2025). Efficacy Test of Tetanus Leaf (Leea aequata L.) Ethanol Extract against Bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). PCJN: Pharmaceutical and Clinical Journal of Nusantara, 3(01), 1–7.
Ginting, A. N. B., Kaban, V. E., Bangar, R. I., & Harahap, D. W. S. (2025). Formulasi dan uji aktivitas antibakteri gel minyak atsiri rimpang lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum) terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi, 4(1), 75–88.
Hutapea, D. B., Susilawati, Y., Muhaimin, M., & Chaerunisaa, A. Y. (2024). Potent bioactivity of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.). Pharmacia, 71, 1–10.
Kishk, R., Soliman, N., Nemr, N., Eldesouki, R., Mahrous, N., Gobouri, A., Azab, E., & Anani, M. (2021). Prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance and aminoglycoside modifying enzymes in Acinetobacter baumannii among intensive care unit patients, Ismailia, Egypt. Infection and Drug Resistance, 143–150.
Krause, K. M., Serio, A. W., Kane, T. R., & Connolly, L. E. (2016). Aminoglycosides: an overview. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 6(6), a027029.
Mubarak, F., Rante, H., & Putri, P. Y. (2022). Antibacterial Activity Of Tembelekan Leaf (Lantana Camara L.) Extracts Against Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus. Microbiology, 2(2), 2808–3911.
Muzafri, A. (2019). Uji aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) pada Staphylococus aureus. Jurnal Sungkai, 7(1), 122–126.
Nabil, L., & Kafesa, A. (2024). Variasi Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Tumbuhan dengan Kandungan Senyawa Tanin terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus. MAHESA: Malahayati Health Student Journal, 4(5), 2094–2108.
Nawaz, H., Shad, M. A., Rehman, N., Andaleeb, H., & Ullah, N. (2020). Effect of solvent polarity on extraction yield and antioxidant properties of phytochemicals from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 56, e17129.
Nazar, A. (2023). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Herba Seledri (Apium graviolens L) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 Dengan Metode Difusi. WARTA BHAKTI HUSADA MULIA: Jurnal Kesehatan, 10(1).
Ningrat, A. W. S., Farm, S., Farm, M., Wasonowati, C., Sutoro, M., Farm, M., Sodik, A. J. J., & Farm, M. (2025). BIOLOGI FARMASI. Cendikia Mulia Mandiri.
Ningsih, W. S., Bangar, R. I., Kaban, V. E., & Harahap, D. W. S. (2025). Formulation and Evaluation of Tetanus Leaf (Leea aequata L.) Ethanol Extract on Tablet Preparation using Wet Granulation Method. PCJN: Pharmaceutical and Clinical Journal of Nusantara, 3(01), 26–31.
Nugroho, D. A., & Wardani, T. S. (2022). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol dan Fraksi N-heksan, Fraksi Etil Asetat, Fraksi Air Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Prosiding Seminar Informasi Kesehatan Nasional, 376–388.
Ompusunggu, N. P., & Irawati, W. (2021). Andaliman (zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.), a rare endemic plant from North Sumatra that rich in essential oils and potentially as antioxidant and antibacterial. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 21(3), 1063–1072.
Ramadhani, A., Saadah, S., & Sogandi, S. (2020). Efek antibakteri ekstrak daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI), 7(2), 203–214.
Rizqoh, D., Amelia, A., Kumala, W. O., Sipriyadi, S., Suryani, U. H., & Sariyanti, M. (2024). Novel Endophytic Bacteria Isolates from Andaliman (Zancthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) which Potentially Inhibit Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research, 10(1), 26–34.
Sepriani, O., Nirhamidah, N., & Handayani, D. (2020). Potensi ekstrak tumbuhan andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) sebagai antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus. J Pendidik Dan Ilmu Kim, 2507(1), 1–9.
Thawabteh, A. M., Ghanem, A. W., AbuMadi, S., Thaher, D., Jaghama, W., Karaman, R., Scrano, L., & Bufo, S. A. (2024). Antibacterial activity and antifungal activity of monomeric alkaloids. Toxins, 16(11), 489.
Webster, C. M., & Shepherd, M. (2023). A mini-review: environmental and metabolic factors affecting aminoglycoside efficacy. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 39(1), 7.
Wei, M., Yu, H., Guo, Y., Cheng, Y., Xie, Y., & Yao, W. (2021). Antibacterial activity of Sapindus saponins against microorganisms related to food hygiene and the synergistic action mode of Sapindoside A and B against Micrococcus luteus in vitro. Food Control, 130, 108337.
Yan, Y., Li, X., Zhang, C., Lv, L., Gao, B., & Li, M. (2021). Research progress on antibacterial activities and mechanisms of natural alkaloids: A review. Antibiotics, 10(3), 318.
Yan, Y., Xia, X., Fatima, A., Zhang, L., Yuan, G., Lian, F., & Wang, Y. (2024). Antibacterial activity and mechanisms of plant flavonoids against gram-negative bacteria based on the antibacterial statistical model. Pharmaceuticals, 17(3), 292.
Yohana Yohana, I., Gaol, L., Bangar, R. I., Kaban, V. E., & Sembiring, N. B. (2025). Efficacy Test of Tetanus Leaf ( Leea aequata L .) Ethanol Extract against Bacteria ( Pseudomonas aeruginosa ). 03(01), 1–7.
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2026-04-30
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Simanjuntak, D. N. C., Bangar S, R. I., & Yunus, M. (2026). Comparison Of Ethanol, N-Hexane and Ethyl Acetate Extract in Andaliman Leaves (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium DC) Anti-Bacterial Test for Staphylococcus Aureus. JURNAL KESEHATAN STIKes MUHAMMADIYAH CIAMIS, 13(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.52221/jurkes.v13i1.1003
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Copyright (c) 2026 Desmina Nur Cahaya Simanjuntak, Roy Indrianto Bangar S, Muhammad Yunus
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